first aid, first aider

 FIRST AID refers to the immediate assistance given to a person who has been injured or suddenly becomes ill before professional medical help arrives. It is the initial care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and promote recovery.

Here are some general principles of FIRST AID:

Assess the situation: Before providing first aid, ensure the area is safe for both you and the injured person. Identify any potential hazards and take steps to minimize further harm.

Call for help: Dial the emergency services in your country (e.g., 911 in the United States) or ask someone nearby to do so if the situation requires immediate medical attention.

Ensure the person's airway is clear: If the person is unconscious, check their airway for any blockages. If present, gently tilt their head back and lift the chin to open the airway.

Check for breathing and circulation: Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. If the person is not breathing, or their breathing is irregular, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if you are trained to do so.

Control bleeding: Apply direct pressure to any bleeding wounds using a clean cloth or your hand. Elevate the injured area, if possible, and maintain pressure until medical professionals take over.

Treat for shock: If the person is showing signs of shock (pale skin, rapid breathing, weakness, etc.), help them lie down, elevate their legs slightly, and cover them with a blanket to maintain body temperature.

Attend to burns: Cool the burned area with cool (not cold) water for at least 10 minutes to reduce pain and prevent further tissue damage. Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick dressing.

Immobilize fractures: If you suspect a fracture, immobilize the injured limb or joint using splints or improvised materials like rolled-up newspapers or sticks. Support the injured area to reduce pain and prevent further injury.

Remember, these are general guidelines, and the appropriate first aid techniques may vary depending on the specific injury or illness. It is highly recommended to undergo formal first aid training from certified organizations to gain practical skills and knowledge.

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The DAILY ROUTINE of firefighting staff

The DAILY ROUTINE of firefighting staff can vary depending on their specific role, the size and type of the fire department, and the location. 

General outline of the daily routine for firefighters:

Morning Roll Call:

    Firefighters typically start their day with a roll call or briefing. During this time, they

receive updates on the day's schedule, equipment checks, and any important information about current events, weather conditions, or other relevant factors.

Equipment Inspection:

    Firefighters inspect and maintain their firefighting equipment and apparatus, including fire trucks, hoses, nozzles, breathing apparatus, and personal protective gear. This ensures that all equipment is in good working condition and ready for emergencies.

Physical Fitness:

    Maintaining physical fitness is essential for firefighting staff. Many fire departments require daily physical training, which may include exercises, running, or drills to keep firefighters in good shape and prepared for strenuous tasks.

Station Chores:

    Firefighters are responsible for the cleanliness and organization of their fire station. This includes cleaning living areas, kitchens, restrooms, and common spaces. They may also perform maintenance tasks around the station.

Training and Skill Development:

    Firefighters often engage in daily training sessions to improve their skills and stay up-to-date with the latest firefighting techniques and technologies. This may include practicing with hoses, ladders, rescue equipment, or participating in simulations and drills.

Emergency Response:

When on shift, firefighters must be prepared to respond to emergencies at any time. They remain on standby, ready to receive emergency calls and immediately respond to fires, medical emergencies, rescues, or other incidents.

Public Education:

Firefighting staff may engage in community outreach and public education activities. This can include visiting schools, conducting fire safety presentations, and participating in public events to educate the community about fire safety and prevention.

Meal Preparation and Eating:

Fire stations typically have a kitchen, and firefighters take turns preparing meals. They eat together as a team, which fosters camaraderie and ensures that they are well-nourished for their physically demanding work.

Administrative Tasks:

Firefighters often have administrative responsibilities, such as documenting incidents, completing reports, and maintaining records. They may also participate in shift meetings to discuss important matters related to the department.

Rest and Sleep:

Firefighters usually work on a rotating shift schedule, which includes periods of rest and sleep while on duty. They must be well-rested to respond effectively to emergencies.

Physical Fitness and Training:

Many fire departments incorporate additional physical fitness training sessions and drills throughout the day to maintain and improve physical conditioning.

Continuing Education:

Firefighters may have opportunities for ongoing education and professional development, including courses, certifications, and training sessions related to firefighting, emergency medical services, and leadership.

NOTE: It's important to note that firefighting routines can vary greatly based on the specific department's policies, location, and the nature of the work they handle. Firefighters must always be prepared for the unexpected and are ready to respond to a wide range of emergencies at any time.

Theory of imagination by C.Wright Mills

 Theory of imagination by C.Wright Mills

Definition of Sociology:

Sociological imagination is an ability to connect personal challenges to larger social issues.

Introduction:

The sociological imagination is the practice of being able to “think ourselves away” from the familiar routines of our daily lives to look at them with fresh, critical eyes. The sociological imagination is the ability to see things socially and how they interact and influence each other. To have a sociological imagination, a person must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of view. This ability is central to one's development of a sociological paerspective on the world.

Concept of Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills) 

Mills felt that the central task for sociology and sociologists was to find the connections between the particular social environments of individuals the wider social and historical forces in which they are trapped.

Mills’ contemporaries in sociology tended to focus on understanding systems rather than exploring individual issues. But Mills argued that thinking of society as just a series of systems was not quite accurate. And equally important, it ignored the role of the individual within those systems.

He believed that looking at a balance between systems and the individuals within them was essential to understanding their collective relationship, as well as the social structures that arise out of conflict between various groups. This perspective also helps enable sociologists to do more than observe, but to expose social injustice, and act and change the world.

Importance:

1.     You can only understand yourself if you can understand your circumstances.

2.     It allows people to better understand their own personal experiences and within the context of society at large.

3.     Sociological imagination is connecting “personal troubles to public issues.” Because the things we do are influenced by the circumstances where we find ourselves our values, the behavior of the people in our environment.

4.     Sociological imagination prompts us to examine these and their interrelationship towards outcome. 

5.     Lacking in sociological imagination, we’re vulnerable to apathy: accepting the beliefs, actions, and traditions around us are natural and unavoidable.

Summary:

 Sociological imagination is an ability to see the context which shapes your individual decision making, as well as the decisions made by others. But the reason why it’s useful is because it allows us to better identify and question various aspects of society, as opposed to passively living within it. Essentially, someone who can exercise sociological imagination is better equipped to make smarter personal choices. 

 

MATHEMATICS By ZR Bhatti for BS Psychology (BS 4 years)

MATHEMATICS By ZR Bhatti for BS Psychology

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